Gerund and infinitive

Als gerund ( Gerundium) wird die -ing-Form von englischen Verben beschrieben. Verbs followed by '-ing' or by 'to' + infinitive 2: Grammar test 1. Adapun infinitive adalah kata yang dibentuk dengan menambahkan "to" sebelum verb (kata kerja) dasar. ) He stopped to smoke. Share Gerunds Mar 23, 2015 · Download my free guide ‘6 Ways to Become a Confident English Speaker through Listening’ at:https://start. Learn more. 動名詞就是「 動詞 + ing 」 的型態，例如：eat + ing → eating、play + ing → playing。. After some verbs. A gerund is not like a normal noun because a gerund can take a direct object (just like a verb can). GERUND definition: 1. Gerunds function as singular nouns and take singular verbs. Sep 1, 2017 · 1 Infinitives and gerunds follow certain verbs and phrases, and there is no rule or reason why, for example, a verb attempt is followed by an infinitive (The paper attempts to address), but not a gerund (*The paper attempts addressing). appreciate: I appreciated her helping me. it Owning a car costs a lot. INFINITIVE. Jim didn't get enough sleep last night so he didn't know if he was going TO MAKE it. anglo-link. by Nataliapisettas. Unlike a normal noun, a gerund maintains some verb-like properties (for example, a gerund can take a direct object and be modified with an adverb). Which form you need depends on what the first verb is. the sunset. Gerund and infinitive 1. In this exercise you will practise using the following verb structures: verb + to + infinitive. Infinitive or gerund? - test 3. Reading on tablets and phones isn’t very good for your eyes. Gerund: Dying is used as a noun in the sentence. In other words, a gerund can be used in different parts of a sentence and perform the functions of various parts of speech. Jun 15, 2022 · Ey! Te explico con ejemplos estructuras y palabras que solemos combinar on gerundios e infinitivos en inglés. (The man was a smoker before but now he isn't any more. Examples of Gerunds: Verb/Gerund. See full list on fluentu. 2-find similar words to the given ones. Contoh: 5. Find out the six types of gerunds and see examples of gerund phrases and clauses. (It costs a lot. Launch Tasks. ly/myenglishwor The gerund (il gerundio) is one more important verb form. Tuy nhiên, giữa 2 cấu trúc này lại có cách sử dụng khác nhau. gerund guide. Stop + -ing means the action is not happening any more. Enrique Yepes. May 29, 2023 · One difference between gerunds and infinitives is their usage as subjects in a sentence. / I like running. Page ID. to run, to sleep, to work. Tip 1: Both gerunds and infinitives follow certain verbs — you’ll learn much more about which verbs below. practise: She practised singing the song. 6 I tried my eyes open, but I eventually fell asleep. Near the end of the performance, the audience began (stamp) their feet on the floor. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. What are gerunds? Any verb ending in “-ing” and used as a noun is a gerund. He had TO REST after lunch. 9 EXERCISE 3: Gerunds & Infinitives Circle the correct answer. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier (s), object (s), and/or complement (s). Eating junk food is bad for you. Look at the examples below. Read the explanation to learn more. This tutorial covers basic, intermediate and advanced tips and exceptions for gerunds and infinitives. 4 I think I didn't remember the door when we left. In this sentence, “running” is the gerund. Since Afrikaans has by and large lost explicit morphological marking of the infinitive form of the verb, verb stems are used as gerunds, e. Keduanya sama-sama dapat berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Part 1 of the Gerunds and Infinitives Tutorial explains what gerunds and infinitives are and how to begin using them in everyday English. This exercise focuses on the use of gerunds and infinitives, and will Infinitives are formed by adding “to” before a verb to make the phrase function as a noun. If both the infinitive and gerund can be used, choose “Both are correct. Grades 6–12. Therefore, it can occur in all the same places that a noun can occur in a sentence: subject, object, complement, object of a preposition and appositive. What is the gerund/gerund phrase in the following sentence? Helen enjoys sketching the sunset. Gerund merupakan kata yang dibentuk dari verb (kata kerja) dan akhiran -ing, sedangkan infinitive dibentuk dari particle “to” dan verb. Eating is a gerund. Infinitive or gerund? - test 2. A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun. The sentences or clauses with the mixed verb forms will sound unnatural and unbalanced. You are not allowed on the airplane. Gerunds and Infinitives Exercise 1. I’m talking about verb patterns, the fact that when 2 v Jan 29, 2024 · Reglas para usar el gerundio. riding. Contoh: - To work so hard for so long must be really exhausting. consider: She considered moving to New York. Grammar explanation. Their functions, however, overlap. Gerunds always function as nouns, but infinitives often also serve as nouns. In the following sentences, replace the gerund by an infinitive and an infinitive by a gerund. 2 We talked about together next summer. Basic Gerunds and Infinitives. Verbs followed by the -ing form Gerund (verb + ing) treba koristiti: posle nekih glagola - I enjoy singing. Basic Ideas and Principles. Gerund dan to infinitive memiliki beberapa kemiripan. a word ending in…. Infinitives have the rules to add “how” before “to” or add “for” in front of the verb, etc. miss: She misses living near the beach. Výše jsou popsaná všeobecná pravidla, která by měla aspoň částečně osvětlit logiku používání gerundia a infinitivu. Level: Intermediate. stop. After certain verbs (see list) – Leire enjoys listening to music in the car. 1-ss have to read the text and choose the right answer. Feb 4, 2023 · The gerund form of a verb, like the present participle, is formed by adding “-ing” to the infinitive form of the verb. 2. Tim prefers (walk) than to jog for exercise. There are 5 activities. Int. Note the slightly solemn tone that the infinitive as subject lends to the sentence. Feb 14, 2024 · The choice between a gerund and an infinitive can change the meaning of a sentence or depend on the verb that precedes it. Gerund: Seeing is believing. For example, “lie” becomes “lying,” replacing “ie” with “y”; “run” becomes “running Infinitives and gerunds – verb patterns. Hanging out with friends helps me a lot. Choose the correct gerund or infinitive form for each gap below. the baby loves (ride) in the car. Menerangkan tujuan. Compare, for example: Jun 7, 2021 · Learn how to use gerunds and infinitives correctly in English with this grammar lesson. Và dưới đây là những quy tắc sử dụng Gerund và Infinitive chuẩn xác Gerunds and infinitives: the essentials. He stopped smoking. Para formar el gerundio regular, se cambia la forma del infinitivo: -ar → - ando: termin ar → termin ando. An infinitive is the most basic form of a verb. Először is tisztázzuk, hogy mi micsoda, így talán könnyebb lesz megérteni a szabályokat, és megtalálni a logikáját annak, hogy mikor melyiket kell használni. ELA. If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund (which functions as a noun). May 15, 2019 · Incorrect: To eat too much sugar is not good for your teeth. Apr 17, 2015 · A gerund is the –ing form of a verb that functions the same as a noun. It can be used to refer to actions and also to pose them as reasons for a particular event. Infinitive. I don’t mind waiting. Infinitive/Gerund – Lingolia Plus Exercises Gerund as the subject of a sentence A1 Infinitive or gerund after verbs (1) A1 Infinitive or gerund after verbs (2) B1 Infinitive or gerund after verbs (3) B1 Infinitive or gerund after verbs (4) B1 Infinitive with or without to A2 Infinitive or gerund after adjectives (1) A2 Feb 26, 2021 · Struktur. Nov 15, 2023 · Gerunds and infinitives are crucial for expressing actions or states of being, but they can be tricky. Verb + to + infinitive. Tienes un PDF con una plantilla para ir rellena Verbs followed by '-ing' or by 'to' + infinitive 1: Grammar test 1. stamping. These words can be confusing; they combine the meaning of a verb with the grammar of a noun. A gerund is a noun formed from a verb. The infinitive Gerunds as Subjects • A gerund can function as the subject of a sentence. El gerundio se forma con “ -ing ” ( walking, eating, etc. 10,000+ results for 'gerund and infinitive'. To be or not to be –that is the question. 'Stop to dance', or 'stop dancing'? 'Ask to come' or 'ask coming'? Today, I will teach you how and when to use gerunds and infinitives in English! 📝 *GET TH Gerunds and Infinitives Part 1. Both gerunds and infinitives can be nouns, which means they can do just about anything that a noun can do. I denied stealing. , Swem is gesond . Worksheets pdf - print. Gerund/Infinitive Conversation Cards Speaking cards. Gerund examples: writing, watching, painting…. Part 1. FOCUS 1 Overview of Gerunds and Infinitives EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS Infinitives (to + verb) or gerunds (verb + -ing) can have various functions in a sentence: (a) Speaking English is fun. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence. (go) 4. Gerund adalah dibentuk dengan menambahkan akhiran -ing pada sebuah verb (kata kerja) dasar. Rules for Using Gerunds and Infinitives: Here are the general rules for choosing between gerund or infinitive patterns: a. Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah kapan harus menggunakan gerund dan kapan harus menggunakan infinitive di dalam suatu kalimat. Before trying the exercise, it may be helpful to review this Infinitive vs. Gerunds are the -ing form of a verb, and infinitives are the to + base form. Penggunaan gerund and infinitives sebagai subjek ketika akan menjadikan suatu kata kerja sebagai pelaku dari kata kerja lain. Cara Mudah Membedakan Gerund Dan Infinitive. An infinitive can perform the same functions as a gerund. What’s a gerund? A gerund is the noun form of a verb that ends in -ing. This is simply a matter of memorization. Here are some pointers to over with your students. Complete exercises 1-10 below to practice what you have learned in Part 1 before moving on to Part 2. Tip 2: Gerunds follow prepositions in a sentence, including prepositions in phrasal verbs. It can be used flexibly in a sentence. Use gerund When the verb is the subject of a sentence. Terkadang penggunaan Gerund dan Infinitive juga dapat sali Gerunds and infinitives are different verb forms. Here are some more examples from literature. Infinitives: to swim, to hope, to tell, to eat, to dream. After a preposition. Gerunds and infinitives - quiz. This handout provides a detailed overview (including descriptions and examples) of gerunds, participles, and infinitives. Das present progressive wird zwar gleich gebildet, es hat aber hiermit nichts zu tun. Infinitive: To see is to believe. The thing I love most about Sundays is sleeping. While infinitives, on the other hand, are the base form of a verb, they often go before ‘to’ like to swim or to read. Infinitive vs gerunds - pdf. 1mada. Here's an interactive exercise about gerunds and infinitives after verbs. Find other quizzes for English and more on Quizizz for free! Gerunds and infinitives can be challenging for students because there are many verbs in English, and knowing which verbs can be followed by a gerund, infinitive, or both requires memorization. The second one usually needs to change into the -ing form or the to + infinitive form. Download the PDF file by clicking on the gold. com/In this English lesson on the 'Gerund One of those is gerunds and infinitives. En inglés es muy común utilizar un verbo en gerundio al principio de una frase cuando actúa como el sujeto de la oración. English grammar practice exercise for pre-intermediate and intermediate level. 5 If she doesn't answer, try her mobile. The word reading is a gerund, and it acts as a noun object for the verb enjoy . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Participles, Gerunds, Infinitives and more. Infinitive: To succeed is an infinitive—a verb preceded by to. The following are ways infinitives are used. Jul 2, 2020 · This lesson will focus on something that is usually quite tricky for language learners, of any level. 11 EXERCISE 5: Gerunds & Infinitives Change the verb into a gerund or an infinitive. It comes after ‘be’ and describes an activity. I. I couldn't help when he tripped! (laugh) 3. Time: Approx 15 minutes. Working hard gives you an appetite. posle većine prideva - It's difficult to get up early. Slovesa následovaná gerundiem Infinitives: Their Noun Roles. Gerunds and Infinitives Exercise 2. Sleeping is a gerund. com/courses ️ CUADERNO DE EJERCICIOS: https://bit. amigosingleses. Understanding the difference between these forms and when to use each correctly is crucial for expressing ideas and thoughts accurately in the English language. Setidaknya, ada 5 fungsi utama penggunaan gerund dan infinitive dalam kalimat Bahasa Inggris, antara lain: 1. . Como hemos visto en la lección sobre los verbos, el infinitivo se forma con la preposición “ to ” ( to walk, to eat, etc. Although they name things, like other nouns, they normally name activities rather than people or objects. She expects people her, but she never helps anyone! Hello super-motivated student! 🙂 ️ APRENDE INGLÉS CON NOSOTROS: https://mis. (The man was doing something Here are some more verbs that are usually followed by the gerund. The infinitive (sometimes called the full infinitive) is the base form of the verb with the word “to” e. a) Quy tắc 1: Gerund có thể làm chủ ngữ trong câu. In the first sentence, “run” is used as a verb. First, some definitions: Simply put, a gerund is a verb acting as a noun. verb + gerund (-ing form). And in most cases, they are interchangeable. ”. May 26, 2024 · Verbs that are followed by other verbs can take either the gerund or the infinitive. Watch the video and improve your language skills. Some verbs have a different meaning depending on whether they are followed by an -ing form or to + infinitive. Find out the rules, examples, and worksheet to practice using them correctly. He had TO WARN the people about the fire. To + infinitive and for + -ing. Sebagai Subjek. com Learn how to use gerunds (speaking) and infinitives (to speak) in English with 30 exercises and reference lists. Teens & Adults. -er, -ir → - iendo. The gerund is the “-ing” form of the verb, when it is used as a noun e. Častokrát ale správný výběr tvaru záleží pouze od konkrétního slovesa a nezbývá nic jiné, než se naučit, v kterých případech tomu tak je. For -ere verbs and -ire verbs, add -endo. A gerund is the ing form of the verb (present participle) used as a noun. Infinitive or gerund? - test 1. He really wanted TO BUY a bike. b) Quy tắc 2: Cả Gerund và Infinitive đều có thể làm tân ngữ. We use gerunds after ‘be’ when we speak about an activity. 10 EXERCISE 4: Rules. 'to' + infinitive: posle nekih glagola - We decided to leave. Here is a good rule. Play Study Slideshow Share Leila Frutuoso 319 #Gerund #Infinitive #gerund and infinitive. Running is good for your health. Here are some examples of infinitives: to run; to go; to speak; To ensure parallelism, make sure you are not mixing gerunds and infinitive phrases. by U34077151. They help us to talk about the ideas of actions, such as the idea of running, talking, and breathing or to run, to talk, and to breathe. For example: eating a Gerunds. button below! Gerunds (Ving) Infinitive (to + VInf hoặc VInf) 2. As a noun, gerunds and infinitives can work as a subject, an object of the verb, or the object of a preposition. Both act as nouns. In the exercise below, complete the sentences by choosing either the infinitive or gerund. Following a verb ( gerund or infinitive) Both gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun as the object of a verb. They can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in Sentences. The example above includes I enjoy gardening and the gerund is gardening. Sep 16, 2022 · Seperti gerund, infinitive juga bisa digunakan sebagai subjek kalimat. GERUND OR INFINITIVE Quiz. I’ve also included example sentences and practice questions for you. We introduce gerunds and infinitives and explain the basics of everyday usage. It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition. Through a variety of writing and speaking exercises, students learn when to choose a gerund or infinitive and when either choice is possible. Just scroll down to begin! 34. On the other hand, an infinitive is formed by using “to” + a Fill the gaps with verbs either in gerund or in infinitive. As the subject or object of a sentence – Doing regular exercise is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. 1 used to be my favourite hobby at your age. Gerunds can function as the subject of a sentence. 00:00. El gerundio y el infinitivo / Gerund and Infinitive. It has no exceptions: Prepositions are always followed by a noun-phrase. - To bake a delicious cake is what she does best. Some gerunds are formed slightly differently. To laugh is better than to frown. infinitiv. In the second sentence, “running” is used as a gerund (noun) and “like” is the verb. g. Be careful as “to” can also be a preposition, and thus a gerund form of a verb must be used after. Gerund and infinitive 2. Sep 16, 2021 · Gerunds and Infinitives. 5 for a list of more verbs Gerunds and infinitives rules. A gerund is a verbal, which is a non-verb created from a verb. kao subjekat ili objekat rečenice - Swimming is good exercise. I run every day. c) Quy tắc 3: Infinitive có thể sử dụng sau một số tính từ. All gerunds end -ing. We use gerunds (verb+ing): After prepositions – I was exhausted after working all day. Explanation: Gerunds are used for actions that happen before or at the same time as the main verb. 1-6/ Gerund Vs To infinitive Example 1. Mar 1, 2017 · Quick Tips on Gerunds vs. 13 EXERCISE 6: Class Survey Create a Find Someone Who survey. walking. For example: “I stopped smoking ” (I no longer smoke) vs. In English, a full infinitive includes the word to. For example, “Swimming is my favourite sport. Dari strukturnya, gerund dan infinitive cukup mudah dilihat perbedaannya. Reading in English is a good way to improve. Introduction. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation. Note that sometimes a bare infinitive will be required. 1. A verb can be followed by another verb. She recommended visiting this museum. Feb 15, 2024 · Gerund és infinitive alakok használata 1. 3 I remember here when I was a child. Verbs + to + infinitive and verbs + -ing. El gerundio y el infinitivo son formas de los verbos que actúan como nombres. Grammar Quiz. To find fault with others is easy. delay: He delayed doing his taxes. Gerundium vs. ). Afterwards, you can test what you have learned with our exercises before moving on to part 2. A gerund can be replaced by the pronoun . Infinitive and gerund - worksheets. Consult the lists below to find out which form to use following which verbs. It acts just like a noun. postpone: He postponed returning to Paris. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, ini terjadi jika kata kerja menjadi This lesson will show you how to use gerunds and infinitives in English! This can be confusing grammar If you're wondering what a gerund is Watch this Dec 17, 2012 · Infinitives usually take the marking to. Gerund và Infinitive (Danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu) đều có thể sử dụng làm chủ từ, tân ngữ để bổ nghĩa cho động từ trong câu. So, for example, we say: I will call you after arriving at the office. Gerund: Being happy is a state of mind. Contoh: - He went there to see his doctor. Các quy tắc sử dụng Gerund và Infinitive bạn cần biết. giocare. Let’s go home. The difference between gerunds and infinitives is that gerunds are used for actual actions, while infinitives are used for actions that are not Jan 4, 2018 · A gerund is the –ing form of a verb that functions the same as a noun. As the subject of a sentence, but it is not common. 3-answer questions 4-make questions 5- find ver 20097 uses. verb patterns (infinitive x gerund) Quiz. Infinitive examples: to write, to watch, to paint…. Subject: Gerunds and infinitives can function (b) To compose a sonata would take months. The difference between a gerund and an infinitive is that a gerund is a progressive form of a verb and an infinitive is formed using the particle ‘to’ and the base form of ‘V1’. In this sentence, “swimming” is the subject of the sentence. 14 EXERCISE 7: Writing Write about one of your hobbies. Learn the difference between gerunds and infinitives, two verb forms that can function as nouns. 1 I was lonely at first,’ the old man admitted, ‘but after a time I got used to (live) alone and even got (like) it. by Gapmessias. In English grammar, gerunds and infinitives are two important forms of verbs that have distinct uses and functions. Gerunds and Infinitives. Common verbs followed by a gerund Gerunds and Infinitives. Lillian prefers (walk) than taking the bus. Here are the specific rules for the gerund or infinitive patterns: 1. Infinitives are the “to” form of the verb, used to express purposes and intentions or as subjects and objects in sentences. An infinitive is the basic or root form of a verb, typically preceded with "to. running, sleeping, working etc. Part One: A quick recap. It is formed in Italian by taking the infinitive of the verb, dropping the -are, -ere, or -ire and adding -ando or -endo to the remaining verb stem. I am “doing” the action “to run. For example, playing, dancing, eating. Gerunds can also be modified. Without the “to”, it is often called the bare infinitive. Az „infinitive” magyarul főnévi igenevet jelenet. อาจเป็นเรื่องยากเล็กน้อยที่จะทราบว่าเมื่อใดควรใช้ gerund และ infinitive แต่ทั้งนี้มันก็มีหลักการง่ายๆ และทริคการจำคำกริยา ที่ 8 min read. as subjects. Multiple Choice. Verb + Gerund: I enjoy playing. The difference in the form of gerunds and infinitives is quite clear just from comparing the following lists: Gerunds: swimming, hoping, telling, eating, dreaming. a word ending in "-ing" that is made from a verb and used like a noun: 2. , Zwemmen is gezond. For -are verbs, add -ando. The direct object of a gerund is known as a gerund complement. Please note: when a preposition is followed by a verb, that Gerund und Infinitive einfach erklärt. We use to + infinitive after certain verbs, including agree, arrange, decide, offer, seem, plan, want, need, promise Bài Tập Gerund and To Infinitive. Adding to the challenge is the variety of sentence structures in which gerunds and infinitives can be used; even the examples above do not present a A gerund is generally formed with the addition of ‘-ing’ to the base form of a verb. Gerunds are verbs ending in -ing that function as nouns, perfect for talking about activities or preferences. El gerundio se usa al principio de una oración. This lesson focuses on the form and function of gerunds and infinitives. We use infinitives with to (to + verb): Gerund or Infinitive quiz for 9th grade students. Mar 22, 2019 · Gerund: Traveling broadens the mind. For example: eating a cake; taking a drink; painting a fence; These complements (or objects) make up part of the gerund phrase. Observa los siguientes ejemplos: Swimming is good for you. 3. Exercise 1. For example, the infinitive “fly” creates the gerund “flying. The best part of a meal is eating dessert. Infinitive: To be happy is a state of mind. Their use is completely natural for native speakers, but require a bit of breaking down in class. ’ 2 Before trains were invented people used (travel) on horseback or in Dec 27, 2023 · Remember, gerunds are words that are formed from verbs and used as nouns, always ending in -ing; participles are words created from verbs that can be used as adjectives or in adverbial phrases, also ending in -ing (unless expressing past tense); and infinitives are verbs that take the simple tense and follow the preposition to. Apr 7, 2022 · Learn what a gerund is, how to use it as a noun, and how it differs from an infinitive. I expect to have the report done by Friday. 那這個 -ing 的尾巴加上去之後呢，原本的原形動詞就會名詞化，也就是會變成具有動詞性質的 名詞 ，指稱 一個動作 或 一件事情 。. any age English Inglês infinitive and gerund. The infinitive Jan 6, 2023 · Infinitive and Gerund 大全 你係咪係對幾時用Infinitive and Gerund感到困擾？ go 後面用 to infinitive 定 gerund？ stop 後面用 to infinitive 定 gerund？ 有見及此，小編為大家整理了這篇Infinitive and Gerund 攻略，並附上大量例子！ Infinitive and Gerund Gerund 中文是動名詞 Infinitive 中文是不定式 我們常在動詞後使用動名詞和 Gerund after Preposition. A gerund is a verb ending in "ing" that functions as a noun. Hier wird also die Endung -ing an den Infinitiv des Verbs gehängt: do - do ing, read - read ing, listen - listen ing. Gerund and infinitive 3. Infinitive vs gerund - exercise 2. ) Gerunds After Verbs • Here are some examples of verbs followed by gerunds (see 11. Bowdoin College, Colegiatura Colombiana, & Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. 16 multiple-choice questions; with ANSWER KEY and percentage conversion chart. " Grammar Practice Worksheets. - She learns English to get a scholarship. b. Name the rule. However, it is more common for (c) It would take months to Sep 8, 2023 · Gerunds have the rules to add “ing” at the end, or remove “e” and then add “ing”, etc. Time limit: 0. Grammar worksheets - handouts. Watching a film is a relaxing way to spend time. Gerund: Succeeding is a noun here; indeed, it is the subject of the first sentence, making it a gerund. Gerunds are verbs that act like nouns, and end in ‘ing’ like swimming or reading They are used to express actions as things. Infinitives in English. Infinitive vs gerund - exercise 3. The audience began to clap and (stamp) their feet on the floor. 那因為動名詞具有 名詞 的功能，所以就跟一般 The infinitive form of the verb is used as gerund, e. I enjoy to clubs. posle predloga - I drank a cup of coffee before leaving. For example, “Running is fun. I’m tired of waiting. Here are five noun-uses of gerunds and infinitives (and one additional non-noun use, the adjective Feb 8, 2023 · Fungsi Gerund dan Infinitives. Jul 17, 2019 · Infinitives: The verbal to achieve, in both cases, is an infinitive because it's a verb preceded by to. A gerund is formed by adding “-ing” to a verb and functions as a noun. (smoke) 2. In part 1 of the tutorial, we begin 20 tips on how to use gerunds and infinitives. iy ch xr jw jz nn zn rl aj od