Feb 28, 2024 · 1: Ron Williams. C'est la maison d'Aj Morris, Loz Vickers, Khifie West, Ben Howard et de nombreux autres Photos courtesy of Sam Solarfly, Matt Marsh Photography. Mar 17, 2023 · INBA PNBA Professional America's Natural & Amateur Illinois State: 05/13/2023: Denver, CO: INBA Mile High Championships: 05/20/2023: San Leandro, CA: INBA Silver & Black: 05/27/2023: El Segundo, CA: INBA PNBA Pro/Am Diana Kakos Presents International Battle Against Cancer: 06/03/2023: Oakville, CT: INBA Eastern USA: 06/03/2023: Atlanta, GA Apr 27, 2022 · Natural Olympia is The Pinnacle of Natural Bodybuilding. Arthur Jones was also able to measure the arms of Sergio Oliva at 20. scroll down for event info. Bikini Classic Physique Figure Fitness Men's Bodybuilding Men's Physique NPC Worldwide Wellness Women's Bodybuilding Women's Physique. Major Accomplishment: Best Body Award. As you step into the world of natural bodybuilding, remember, it's not merely a competition; it's a journey toward self-discovery and authenticity. Natty competitions like the PNBA Elite World Tour or the Natural Olympia competition are huge in the natural bodybuilding world, showcasing some of the BIGGEST muscle bodies. will double right away and there will be an additional qualifier in 2025. A towering figure at 5 foot 11 and 190 pounds, he holds the prestigious title of being the most successfull bodybuilder in natural bodybuilding. The ABA began as a series of small contests I held in my Southern California gym and today the ABA is the world’s premier natural bodybuilding association holding contests all over the world. 1,813 Followers, 914 Following, 85 Posts - Natural Bodybuilding Worldwide (@naturalbodybuildingworldwide) on Instagram: "Discussion podcast on all things from the world of natural bodybuilding. HORMONE AND METABOLIC MODULATORS 3 years. All rights THE HOMEOF NATURAL BODYBUILDING. Professional: Registration + Entry Fee $255 / Drug Test Fee $75 / Process Fee $5 Total $335. Welcome to the official website of the World Natural Bodybuilding Federation – The Netherlands. All WNBF UK Events. Join the Natural Bodybuilding Community today and learn from some of the best coaches & athletes in the world! Natural Bodybuilding Worldwide Discussion Board. This competition is one of INBA PNBA’s biggest shows of the year. And we are still growing! Αfter our 1st more than sucessful Event in 2023,we continue to our 2nd improved version of Achilles Rage , providing again THE ONLY Fully Drug Tested International PRO Qualifier Championship in Greek Bodybuilding history , always according to the WNBF’s affiliate rules. World Natural Bodybuilding Federation (WNBF), USA. Natural bodybuilding is bodybuilding without the use of performance and image enhancing drugs. The International Fitness and Bodybuilding Federation (IFBB) is the governing body of the sport of Bodybuilding and Fitness, founded in 1946 in Montreal. Join the Natural Bodybuilding Community today and learn from some of the best coaches & athletes in the world! 2024 Natural Bodybuilding Worldwide. Chicago, IL. 25 May. Additional Pro Categories (if qualified) $250 after the initial registration fee. Colorado Springs, CO. Weight: 190lbs. The Women’s Bodybuilding Division is judged over three posing rounds to evaluate the athlete’s physique and presentation. Natural bodybuilding provides athletes the opportunity to take part in the sport they love on a level playing field without taking health risks. INBA PNBA Pro/Am Philip Ricardo Legends International. Bada Lekan* (NGA/USA)2. Dec 17, 2021 · Natural Bodybuilding WNBF Pro Men’s Bodybuilding Heavyweight 20211. On YouTube and all major podcast platforms!" Join the Natural Bodybuilding Community today and learn from some of the best coaches & athletes in the world! 2024 Natural Bodybuilding Worldwide. 05/07/2022. New Professionally Produced Video Content every 2 weeks from some of the best athletes across the globe. com (Join the site today)https://www. Source: pxhere. , a weight of 187 lbs. 75" pumped. 3 Days program: Competition info and rules: Dates: 13/14/15 June 2024. 2. I has now become one of the leading Federations in Ireland and continues to improve year on year. , and a body fat percentage of around 5%. It is a not-for-profit international amateur sport governing body, located in Madrid, Spain, with an Executive Council democratically elected at the IFBB World Congress. Universe contest. - Backstage/Coach Pass $50. Franz Lustenberger Sep 25, 2022 · AJ Morris shares his high intensity training frequency and training split. George Osborne Mid 2022 Season Recap! VIEW MORE. 13-15 june 2024, Voorthuizen, Netherlands Elite Tour International Natural Bodybuilding Chanmpionchip. , the home of Irish Natural Bodybuilding. Sign up for free on Nov 5, 2021 · Friday 11/5/2021. 2024 NPC Worldwide Champions Cup Pro Qualifier May 25 2024 Warsaw, Poland. Contest includes all categories. Natural World, and was inducted into the International Bodybuilding Association hall of fame in 2008. Include barbell compound movements (barbell bench press, squat, row, deadlift) and put them at the beginning of your workout. Keep concentric movements (putting tension Natural bodybuilding is a bodybuilding movement with various competitions that take place for bodybuilders who abstain from performance-enhancing drugs. Amateur: Registration + Entry Fee $105 / Drug Testing Fee $75 / Process Fee $5 Total $185. Ramada by Wyndham Burbank Airport. - Child (under 16) $10. Phone : (310) 640-3600. 408 likes. P $80. ICN Europe is part of world-class natural bodybuilding organisation iCompete Natural. By applying his knowledge of nutrition, fat loss, exercise physiology, muscle development, and body sculpting, Ron achieved the highest honor ever given in Natural Bodybuilding by becoming the sole recipient of the “Natural Bodybuilder of the Decade” award. S. Ryan Terry is an English fitness model who currently boasts a height of 5 ft. UKDFBA Finals Preview – Lee Kemp, Ben Howard, Aj Morris. INBA Pikes Peak Classic (Canceled) 05/14/2022. Total $330. Dec 26, 2022 · NATURAL BODYBUILDING WORLDWIDE - https://naturalbbworldwide. Liga Nacional de Bodybuilding Natural. Yannis Karrer (CH)4. WNBF is the largest and the most competitive natural bodybuilding federation in the world. Jul 2, 2014 · A documentary about lifetime natural athlete Rico van Huizen and his journey to the World Championships of Natural Bodybuilding INBA 2014. In the most straightforward terms, the Natural Olympia is a drug-tested bodybuilding contest held annually by the International Natural Bodybuilding Association Only Pro Category offered is Pro Bodybuilding Grand Masters. This categorically excludes the use of substances like anabolic steroids, insulin, diuretics and human growth hormone. Dec 13, 2023 · He is a seven-time Mr. WNBF is the highest ranking natural status recognised across the globe. Here is a list of the most well known federations. John Hansen is a Natural Bodybuilding Champion. These day there are more and more natural bodybuilding competitions. November 16, 2024. Donte Franklin: At a more “normal” size, Donte is 6 feet and around 215 pounds. Rejoignez la meilleure communauté de culturisme naturel jamais créée, nous vous offrons l'opportunité d'apprendre de certains des meilleurs athlètes et entraîneurs du jeu. WNBF UK, First Timers/ Novice Championships, 16th June 2024. Natural Universe, seven-time Mr. Our forum section allows you to ask any question, post your own log and add physique updates, or even get your training & nutrition programming reviewed by experts. Height: 5ft 10in. Uncategorized. 19,212 likes · 11 talking about this. USEFUL LINKS. Natural Universe, and 7 Natural World titles. Managing The Post Show Phase – Ben Howard, Loz Vickers, AJ Morris. 1. 555 N 3rd St, Burbank, CA 91502. Organization of Competition Bodies (OCB) OCB Website OCB Facebook OCB Instagram International Bodybuilding Federation (INBF) / World Natural Bodybuilding Federation (WNBF) INBF/WNBF Website INBF/WNBF Jun 12, 2023 · The PNBA Elite World Tour and the Natural Olympia are the biggest competitions for natural bodybuilders. Natural World, Mr. With “2 contests in one” taking place on the same day with our traditional Novice only event being combined with the final Open Qualifier for the upcoming World Mar 24, 2024 · Ron Williams is the most accomplished natural bodybuilder in history with 7 Mr. Spectator Tickets. We have been restoring the good name of bodybuilding and fitness for over 30 years. The WNBF promotes healthy, drug free bodybuilding. This progress was not the result of luck or simply throwing money at the project. Registration Fee - $90. Oct 10, 2023 · INBA/PNBA PRO/AM world championship. Tell us what you think of this video. 000. WorldNaturalBB. T/E ratio is 6. Rising Phoenix championship, solidifying her position as one of the top female natural bodybuilders in the world. We love bodybuilding but we’re bored of the tropes, fluff, and marketing. Join the Natural Bodybuilding Community today and learn from some of the best coaches & athletes in the world! <style>. Join the best natural bodybuilding community ever created, we offer you the opportunity to learn from some of the best athletes & coaches in the game. Now, diet is a thing also required when you’re using steroids. This is the beginning of your journey to the most sought-after natural titles in our sport. Pro’s & Amateur Overalls qualify for the Natural Olympia 2016. Join the Natural Bodybuilding Community today and learn from some of the best coaches & athletes in the world! Join today. Bodybuilding judging takes into consideration the whole body from top to bottom, not just one body part. B. The Judges are looking for the “total package. From gyms to conventional setups, athletes always trained themselves by bulking up, pulling weights and taking proper diet. S-S : Closed. Universe title he had set his sights on when he was only 14 years old. I. Check-in: Friday, November 3, 2023. [1] If a bodybuilder meets the requirements of the sanctioning body (the Sep 8, 2023 · Perform 5-7 exercises per workout. All rights Nov 30, 2021 · All of Israeli bodybuilder Lavie Kafra‘s years of hard work at the gym and strict dietary discipline paid off when he earned the silver medal at the 2021 World Natural Bodybuilding Federation We are excited to announce that the 2024 World Championships will be held in Voorthuizen, Netherlands! We will make this an event one to remember! Scroll down to see all the info you need. 752 Drostanolone, drostanolone metabolite, epitrenbolone, anastrozole, stanozolol and metabolites 16b- Hydroxystanozolol, 4b-hydrosystanozolol and 3′-Hydroxystanozolol as well as chlorothiazide detected. In 2021, the total prize pool for the Natural Olympia was $65,000, and most division winners pocketed $1,000. Special – MP6 Workout and Bodybuilding Heroes and Legends – Volume One. Box 78177. Pro/Am Events. It’s part of the “Road to Natural Olympia” series of iCompete Natural Europe. The INBF/WNBF are the most respected and stringently drug tested bodybuilding federations for over 34 WNBF UK, First Timers/ Novice Championships, 16th June 2024. First timers and novices are the life blood of bodybuilding. On December 12, 1992, John had his dream come true as he finally won the coveted Mr. Natural Bodybuilding Worldwide Forum - Member Profile > Profile Page. The World Natural Bodybuilding Federation UK hosts natural bodybuilding events throughout the United Kingdom. the homeof natural bodybuilding. october 2024 Nov 5, 2016 · Additional Category $85 Professional Registration Fee Bundle Includes: Entry Fee $250, Testing Fee $75, and Processing Fee $5. com . ALL MEN COMPETE. Follow their sessions & gain motivation for your own workouts. He got involved in physical fitness and strength training at a young age in hopes of becoming We have 6 educational courses, covering training, nutrition, off season, contest prep, and bodybuilding for young athletes. Manion began by explaining that natural bodybuilding shows in the U. Learn more. Taken from episode 53 of the Longevity Muscle Podcast with AJ Morris! AJ is the 201 Natural bodybuilding competitions provide a drug-free platform for bodybuilders around the world. Apr 4, 2024 · The overall expansion of the sport is a major goal as well. Natural Olympia, and Mr. 630-915-9029 naturalolympia@gmail. 125". Additional Categories $85 after the initial registration fee. Join the Natural Bodybuilding Community today and learn from some of the best coaches & athletes in the world! Natural bodybuilding has many unique organizations and federations. gaspofficial. Nutrition, Supplementation, and Body Composition. Achilles Rage is here to be established as the ONLY Natural Bodybuilding WNBF Netherlands. At only 22 years old, Melina Keltaniemi is a rising star in the world of female natural bodybuilding. However, natural bodybuilders must prioritize recovery due to longer repair times, while enhanced lifters may have more flexibility due to faster recovery facilitated by PEDs. We have created this community to ensure Oct 10, 2023 · The World Natural Bodybuilding Federation (WNBF) held one of its most recognizable contests of the year, the Pro Universe, on Sept. He has won more than 250 natural bodybuilding competitions and was inducted into the International Natural Bodybuilding Association (INBA) Hall of Fame in 2008. Ron Williams is one of the most decorated Natural Bodybuilders in the world. Universe” — a championship synonymous with classic bodybuilding dating back to the 1940s under a variety of Aug 4, 2023 · This video covers the top 10 natural bodybuilders of all time including Paul Krueger, Brandon Lirio, Meshack Ochieng, Derek Joe, Ron Williams, John Hansen, K Welcome to the N. M-F : 9:00am – 5:00pm. Prejudging $20, Main Show $35, Main Show V. All athletes must have a WNBF Membership to Mar 1, 2022 · 04/30/2022. Looking for upcoming show dates? Get the list of natural competitions here. - Registration 13 June 2024 ('De Boshoek') - Competition: 14 and 15 June 2024 ('De Eng') Oct 28, 2023 · The OCB Natural Bodybuilding Championships stand as a testament to the triumph of human potential, proving that remarkable feats can be achieved through dedication, discipline, and integrity. On Wednesday, NPC/IFBB Pro League Vice President Tyler Manion shared that there will be expansion worldwide of natural bodybuilding shows. June 2022. Sign into your account. Liga Nacional de Bodybuilding Natural For answers to any of your bodybuilding and fitness contest questions, get in touch with us! You can use the form on the left, give us a call, or send us an e-mail. $30. AJ Morrison Two Sides To Ego Lifting – Pull Session. UKDFBA Northern 2022 Wrap Up & Jack Thorburn Interview. Each year, natural bodybuilders worldwide aspire to reach the same accolades as the men above, win the Super Bowl of natural bodybuilding, and earn the most considerable cash and prize payouts. Mar 19, 2024 · Most Decorated Natural Bodybuilder Worldwide 🌍: Fitness Luminary and Influencer 🌟: Advocacy & Presence: Colossal advocate for natural bodybuilding 🗣️: Transitioned into an influencer, particularly on Instagram 📸: Guiding light for aspiring natural bodybuilders 🌟: Fitness influencer with a profound impact on the industry 💬 Natural Bodybuilding Worldwide (@naturalbodybuildingworldwide) • Instagram photos and videos. If you’re a beginner, we suggest starting with a lower volume. This is the home of Aj Morris, Loz Vickers, Khifie West, Ben Howard & many other top level athletes. Nautilus founder Arthur Jones was able to tape the Austrian Oak's arms and found them to be 19. Make sure you're logged in and try again, or contact support. Many of these events are run by the WNBF, which stands for the world natural bodybuilding federation. La plaque tournante de la musculation naturelle. Sep 29, 2023 · Taken from episode 54 of the Longevity Muscle Podcast with AJ Morris! AJ is the 2017 WNBF Junior world champion and UKDFBA Junior British Champion and is the Nov 18, 2021 · Despite being fresh to the sport of natural bodybuilding, Derek Joe shined bright at the Golden Nugget Las Vegas Hotel & Casino for the 2021 Natural Olympia on Saturday, November 13. Natural Flex is your no-nonsense guide to Natural Bodybuilding. O. Oct 4, 2019 · Ryan Terry. and 10 in. Saturday. Even from a young age, he has always been athletic and fit – leading to him participating in the Men's Physique competition and even placing 4th in 2015 and 2nd in 2016. Although the biggest, these are nowhere close to the biggest untested competition. 23, 2023. Natural Olympia, 7 Mr. Come diventare un membro della Asd Natural Bodybuilding Fitness Italy (NBFI): Per partecipare ad una qualsiasi competizione in Italia e/o all’estero (del circuito dove siamo affiliati), tutti gli atleti, giudici di gara e soci sostenitori, di cittadinanza italiana e straniera residenti in Italia devono essere soci/tesserati alla ASD NBFI. Corona, CA 92877-0139, USA. It happened because there was a need: thoughtful athletes If you’re not yet a member of Natural Bodybuilding Worldwide then you should definitely check that out here – you’ll get access to exclusive member content that will improve your fitness, physique and your overall strength. 00. Become member Contact us. In order to keep our competitions fair, athletes will be tested fro drug usage now and in the past in various ways. Menmbership Fee - $125. Set to take place on September 14, 2024 and November 2, 2024 these events promise to showcase the incredible dedication, discipline, and determination of natural bodybuilders from around the world. 62K Followers, 7,725 Following, 1,299 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from WNBF (@wnbfofficial) Aug 3, 2019 · While in Sacramento for the Natural Muscle Mayhem I had the chance to get in an upper body workout with 2017 World Natural Bodybuilding champ Sam Okunola: ht FIRST TIMERS/ NOVICE Championships 2024. HUGE ARMS, LEAN BODY with the RW TOTAL BODY BAR. Oct 6, 2022 · Setting Up Your 2023 Contest Prep – AJ Morris & Ben Howard. With the encouragement of friends, a friendly foe, and the bodybuilding community, he secured first place in the Men’s Classic Physique Open. History. This group is widely known and accredited for it's clean and natural men and women competitors. The INBA PNBA is the largest natural bodybuilding federation that hosts this event. Our organisation has a global range and you can find us in over 50 countries, on every single continent. We’re here to cut through it all and provide a fresh perspective: nutrition, training, and natural bodybuilding from naturals, by naturals, for naturals. Categories & Divisions. Natural Flex is for everyone from anyone that WNBF ENGLISH – WNBF Poland. MANDATORY CHECK-INS FOR ALL ATHLETES: Check-In Men: 6pm-7pm. ” including conditioning, muscularity, symmetry, and BANNED FOR LIFE POSITIVE 8/14/2021 California Naturals. Although recommendations exist for contest preparation, applied research is limited and data on the contest preparation regimes of bodybuilders are restricted to case Internationally Decorated Natural Bodybuilder. Most reps should be kept in the six to 12 range. The Pro Universe is held in high esteem by many fans of the sport, largely because the winner walks away carrying the title of “Mr. 11. com 4. The 2023 season kicked off with a bang as over 130 athletes battled it our on a sunny May Bank Holiday weekend at Rugby. Arnold Schwarzenegger claimed to have 22" or 23" pythons. Categories. VIEW MORE. com - CODE: KHIFIE15TRAIN WITH ME | Online Co Jun 1, 2024 · These rules go into effect on June 1, 2024. The following substances are prohibited for the listed time frame before entering an NPC/IFBB PRO natural contest: PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES TIME FRAME. 2 days ago · Muscle groups should be trained twice or more every week. John began training for bodybuilding at 14 years old, right before beginning his freshman year in high school. Established in 2012 to promote and improve the sport of Natural Bodybuilding in Ireland , the N. Kiyoshi Moody holds the record for being the most dominant Natural Olympia champion, winning the coveted title for six oin the best natural bodybuilding community ever created, we offer you the Dec 8, 2023 · About this app. Aug 16, 2023 · Last updated on August 16th, 2023. AJ Morrison Aj & Loz Leg Day – New Arsenal Strength Hack & Leg Press! Archives. User: AJ Morris, Title: Noble Member, Embassy Suites by Hilton Los Angeles International Airport South. ANABOLIC AGENTS [1] 3 years. 2900 N San Fernando Blvd, Burbank, CA 91504. SEE SCHEDULE TAB FOR COMPLETE SCHEDULE. Event Info Sign Up. Kendahl Richmond (USA)3. com. Register for our upcoming show on September 21st, 2024 in Baarn. Jan 15, 2018 · Background Competitive bodybuilders employ a combination of resistance training, cardiovascular exercise, calorie reduction, supplementation regimes and peaking strategies in order to lose fat mass and maintain fat free mass. IT: Video completo del Natural Bodybuilding World Championship INBA PNBA 2022 di Firenze, organizzato dalla NBFI EN: Complete video of the Natural Bodybuildi Official WNBF YouTube ChannelNatural Bodybuilding & Fitness Events Throughout the Worldwww. Natural bodybuilding is a method as old as time. com Welcome to the prestigious OCB Las Vegas Shows, where the pinnacle of natural athleticism meets the glitz and glamour of Las Vegas. Natural Bodybuilding Competitions. INBA PNBA Professional America's Natural & Amateur Illinois State. Natural Olympia, a seven-time Mr. European natural bodybuilding organisation which helps athletes compete in hassle-free enviroment according world class standards. Credit: fitnessvolt. Rest for one to three minutes in between sets. À propos de l'application. WNBF Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal. P $45, Backstage ALL DAY V. 3. woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style> The WNBF is the most prestigious natural bodybuilding federation in the world. Comparison round and final result for the 2019 IPE natural classic physique world championship!🔵 SUBSCRIBE on Instagram for My Workout Write-Ups, Nutrition, Background. Although recommendations exist for contest preparation, applied research is limited and data on the contest preparation regimes of bodybuilders are restricted to case Oct 24, 2013 · Many respected bodybuilders have exaggerated their arm size over the years. Jun 16, 2020 · 2024 NPC Natural Michigan State Championships Contest Photos June 18, 2024 NOTICE TO ALL 2024 NPC JUNIOR NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS COMPETITORS June 17, 2024 2024 NPC Worldwide Empro Classic Pro Qualifier Contest Photos June 17, 2024 Oct 13, 2022 · #bodybuilding #natty #bodybuilding JUDGING. -12. We’ll get back to you as soon as possible. Melina Keltaniemi. However, if you are a member you can click the button below to sign into your account. Natural Universe. Online Registration must be received two weeks prior to the competition date to avoid $50 LATE FEE! Amateur Registration Fee Bundle Includes: Entry Fee $100, Testing Fee $75, and Processing Fee $5, Total $180. The Hub For Natural Bodybuilding. Check-In Women: 7pm-8pm. Ryan Terry used to work as a plumber, but wound up making quite a name for himself as a natural bodybuilder and fitness model. We are a 100% Drug Free Organization providing a forum for all natural (Drug Free) bodybuilding, figure, bikini and Both natural and enhanced lifters rely on progressive overload to stimulate muscle growth. Virginia. 1440 E Imperial Ave, El Segundo, CA 90245. - Adults $40. Hailing from Finland, Melina has already achieved significant success in her career. Winners in the pro open divisions at the Ben Weider Naturals Pro (except Men’s and Women’s Bodybuilding and 212) will AUTOMATICALLY qualify for the 2025 OLYMPIA. World Physique Alliance invites all-natural bodybuilding competitors worldwide to compete in WPA-sanctioned events throughout the United States. Saturday 11/6/2021. F. Upcoming Shows. With over 40 years of experience in the sport, John is an expert at designing Workout Programs and Diet Plans that will get you into the best shape of your life in the. There are many characteristics of natural bodybuilding that make it the perfect option. Jun 24, 2022 · The 2022 International Natural Bodybuilding Association (INBA)/Professional Natural Bodybuilding Association (PNBA) World Championships competition takes place this upcoming weekend, June 25, 2022, in Florence, Italy. All questions to @wnbfnz on instagram and wnbfnz on facebook or email us info@wnbfnz. Meet Ron Williams, who is, in my opinion, the most impressive natural bodybuilder. Peak Week Protocols For Stage Success – Aj Morris & Ben Howard. *Note: Top natural bodybuilders’ volume and training frequency are high. Birth Year: 1988. P. 951-801-2009. The bigger, best-known competitions include the World Natural Bodybuilding Federation , British Natural Bodybuilding Federation and the International Natural Bodybuilding Association , all of whom are very strict when it comes to drug-testing. In addition, 19-Norandrosterone was detected at concentration greater . ONE World United-Natural Bodybuilding Alliance is a Christian based organization sponsored by Rayflex community Health & Wellness Foundation a Non-Profit organization with 25 years of experience promoting Drug Free competitions. He was the winner of the Natural Mr. The Colony Theatre. With an impressive tally of over 250 victories under Nov 4, 2020 · All the fuzz aside, natural bodybuilding competitions are definitely on the rise, with new competitions for all natural bodybuilders shooting up like mushrooms. IFBB PRO® and NPC. Athlete Registration. Access to the app is on a subscription basis with options Nov 30, 2023 · Ron Williams is one of the most decorated natural bodybuilders in history, having won 250 natural bodybuilding competitions, including prestigious titles such as Mr. Jan 23, 2024 · Natural Bodybuilding. ec rb xh jz th md vh hr et mc